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Varnashrama dharmas
Courtesy:http://pramanams.blogspot.in/
Dharma Sastra Surrukam By Sri Vaidyanatha Dikshita - Part 1 (Varnashrama Dharma Kandam)
1. Preface:
The book on Dharma Sastras named Dharma Sastra Surrukkam by Sri.Vaidyanatha Dikshita is an authoritative work which is a must to have for all vaidhikas.
The lucid tamil translation of Dharma Sastras abiding Parasara Smrithi helps reference all of anushtanams in one place. This is a humble effort to translate this great book into English for the purpose of Vaidhika Generations who has lost touch with their roots. Any praise for this translation solely belongs to Sri.Vaidhyanadha Dikshita and the Publishers (Sri.Krishnamoorthy Sastri and K.Sundara Raman) and any mistakes are purely due to the limited knowledge of the Translator
- Adiyen Elayavilli Dasarathy Ponnappan
2. Contact of Publishers:
1. It is recommended to have a personal copy of this wonderful grantha which supports two purposes. Purpose 1) It gives the ultimate source of knowledge of Dharma Sastras in Tamil 2) Allowing these great Publishers to continue the noble task of Publishing great Vaidhika Books like this.
The book can be obtained at:
Dr.R.KrishnaMoorthy Sastrigal,
No 2, Sanskrit College Road,
Mylapore, Chennai - 600 004
Phone: (+91) 044 298 4698
Dharma Sastra Surukkam - Table of Contents (Vishaya Suchikai)
0. Varnashrama Dharma Kandam
Table of Contents:
2.
1. Varnashrama Dharma Kandam
2. Vedas and its divisions, Sutras
3. Varnam - Definition
4. Yugas - Definition
5. Dharmas Prohibited in Kali Yuga (Kaliyuga Nishidha Dharmas)
6. Rules and Criteria for Directions (Dhik Niyamam)
7. Rules for Bhramana (Bhramana Dharma)
8. Agnihotram (Definition, eligibility)
9. Rules for Learning/Reciting Vedas outside the prescribed Veda for a person (AnyaVedadhyana Niyamam)
10. Upakarmam
11. Anandhyayanam (Rules for days when not to recite / Learn Vedas)
12. Rules for a Bhramana to do cultivation (When a Bhramana can plough his own land)
13. Varthushvam (Primary Crime of Lending Money at higher Interest Rate -> Must to be avoided for a Bhramana)
14. Rules/Eligibility for People aged over fifty years
15. Forty Samskaras (The Prime Forty Samskaras for a Bhramana)
16. Rutu Kalam (Season for Union)
17. Pumsavanam (Rites to be done for a child in its mother's womb)
18. Samskaras around Seemandham (The baby Shower done for the first kid)
19. JaataKarmam
20. Naamakaranam (Naming a child)
21. Ear piercing (Kaadhu Kuttal)
22. Soorya Chandra Darsana Kaalam (Time to perform SuryaDarshan/Chandra Darshan for a baby)
23. Anna Praasnam (Introduction of Cooked Rice for the baby)
24. Choulam (Keeping Kudumi/Tuft) for a child
25. Smarta Karmas for Girl Child
26. Aksharaabhyaasam: (Introducing letters/Words to a child)
27. Rules/Restrictions for Boys before Upanayanam
28. Samskaras from Upanayanam onwards
29. People Eligible to make Yagnobhaveetham (Yagnobhaveetham = Poonul)
30. Method to make Yagnobhaveetham (Poonol/Sacred Thread)
31. Niyamam (Rules) for the Upanayana Period (Upanayana Kaala Niyamam)
32. Rules around giving Rice to a Bhramachari (Food given as Alms) (How to get bikshai during
33. Upanayana Kalam)
34. Kaalatheetha Prayachitam (Prayachita to be done for Karmas performed outside the prescribed time)
35. Time when Choula Karmas and like wise should not be performed (Choulam -> Keeping Kudumi/Tought)
36. People eligible to perform Upanayanam
37. Rules for performing Jatakarma for Twins (Twins -> Yamalodbhavas or Yamalodbhavargal)
38. Eligibility of Girls/ladies for Marriage (Vivahathirkuriya Kanya lakshanam)
39. Eligibility for a person to perform Kanyka Dhanam (Kartha - Person eligible for performing the Karma)
40. Activities to be performed during auspicious times (auspicious Times - SubhaKaalam)
41. Activities to be / not to be peformed during two Sobhanams (Sobhanam -> Time when an auspicious activity like Upanayanam, Vivaham etc is performed)
42. Rules around performing Vivaham for Foster sons (Foster Son -> Sweekara Putran)
43. Rules around Jestha Putra determination after Adoption:
44. Rules around performing Vivaham for sons from co wives (Co Wives - Sapathnee)
45. Aoupasamam and Sthaali Paakam - Rules around it
46. Rules around resumption of Aoupasanam if it has been interrupted
47. Activities to be performed during Aoupasanam and Loukika Agni
48. Rules around parting off with a Wife and re marriage
49. Rules around Vivaham (Marriage) of Brothers
50. Dharma (Rules) to be followed by a wife
51. Dharma (Rules) to be followed by a widow - Vidhava Dharmam
52. Rules as to when Abhivadhanam should Not be done with Namaskaaram
Vedas and its divisions, Sutras
Vedas are four. Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharvana
Rig Veda Sutras:
There are two sutras for Rig Veda. They are
Āśvalāyana Śrautasϋtra
Sāṅkhāyana Śrautasϋtra
Yajur Veda Sutras:
Krishna Yajur Veda Sutras:
Bhodayana Sutra
Apastamba Sutra
Bhaaradhwaja Sutra
Sathyashaada Sutra
Vaikanasa Sutra
Sukla Yajur Veda Sutras:
Kaadhyaayana Sutra
Saama Veda Sutras:
Traahyayana Sutra
Jaimineeya Sutra
Varnam - Definition
Varnas are of four kind viz, Bhrama, Kshatriya, Vysya, Shudra
Yugas - Definition
KrutaYuga, Treta Yuga, Dwapara Yuga and Kali Yuga
For Kali Yuga the prescribed Smrithi is Parasara Smrithi
Dharmas Prohibited in Kali Yuga (Kaliyuga Nishidha Dharmas)
If a Bhramana continues to bathe in well water for a continuous period of 12 years he loses his Bhramaneeyam and becomes a sudra
Giving Jeshtabagam is prohibited
Reducing the number of achouchams (Achoucham -> Cleansing after going for natural calls using Sand and water)
Living as a Bhramacharin (Bachelor) for a longer part of life
A Grihasta (Married person) going for distant lands for theertha yaatra
Sanyasis staying at houses in the evening
Bhramanas going to distant lands
Bhramanas travelling on Sea (Taking Sea Voyage)
Rules and Criteria for Directions (Dhik Niyamam)
For a Karma (Duty) of a direction is not prescribed, please use one of East, North or North East
For a Karma (Duty) if the posture / position (Standing or Sitting) is not specified, use sitting Posture
Rules for Bhramana (Bhramana Dharma)
There are six duties for a Bhramana
Reciting Vedas (Performing VedaAdhyayana)
Teaching Vedas (Teaching VedAdhyayana for others)
Performing prescribed Yagnyas for self
Performing prescribed Yagnyas for others
Donating Gifts (Giving Dhanam)
Accepting Gifts (Accepting Dhanam)
A Bhramana should not be accepting Gifts from a Sudra (Pratigraham is prohibited)
Agnihotram (Definition, eligibility)
If a Person's Father or His Eldest Brother hasn't practiced and performed Agnihotra the rest of the Brothers doesn't gain right to perform Agnihotram
In a family the eldest son is fit to perform Agnihotra
If the Eldest Son permits, then only the younger brothers can perform Agnihotram
Even if a father permits his sons, if the eldest son doesn't permit, rest of the sons cannot perform Agnihotram
Rules for Learning/Reciting Vedas outside the prescribed Veda for a person (AnyaVedadhyana Niyamam)
A person should first complete the Adhyayanam (Learning and reciting properly) of his prescribed Veda
Without completion he is not allowed to perform adhyayanam of other Vedam
Upon completion of Adhyayanam of the prescribed Veda, he is allowed to learn other Veda
Upakarmam
Upaakarma should NOT be performed on Grahana (Eclipse days) and Sangramana Days
For Yajur Vedis, Upakarma should be performed during the Parva which is udaya vyapi (Meaning of Udaya Vyapi - TBD)
For RigVedis, Upakarma should be performed during their Udaya Vyapi which is "Sravana Nakshatra"
For SamaVedis, Upakarma should be performed on Hasta Nakshatram.
After undergoing Upanayanam, a Bhramachari should not undergo shaving (Kshavaram) for 6 months
But when there is a need to perform Upakarma, the said Bramachari should undergo Kshavaram
If on a given occasion, both Srardham (Theertham) and Upaakarma comes to gether, then
Perform Upaakarma first followed by Srardham
If the person performing Srardham is a bhramachari, the said bhramachari should undergo Kshavaram before performing Upaakarma.
Anandhyayanam (Rules for days when not to recite / Learn Vedas)
Thitis:
Prathamai Thithi
Ashtami Thithi
Chaturdasi Thithi
Amavasya Thithi
Poornima (Pournami) Thithi
The previous Nights of all the above Thithis
Days
Days of Grahanam (Eclipse)
RutuSandhi
The Day a person consumes Nimanthranam
The Day a person performs pratigraham (Accepts Dhanam)
The Day Garauda Kodi is hoisted for a festival in temple (Kodi yetram)
The Day Garuda Kodi is brought down in a temple (Kodi yerakam)
If its a Grasthastama Grahana Day then following 3 days are prohibited
When Samaveda Dhwani is being heard, Yajur VedAdhyanam should not be performed
Mahanavami
Sravana Dwadesi
AkshayaTrithiyai
RataSaptami
MagaBharani
Manvadi Days
Yugadi Days
Rules for a Bhramana to do cultivation (When a Bhramana can plough his own land)
For a Bhramana, apathvruthi is Krishi -> This means, during pressing situations, a Bhramana can plough his own land
The bull selected for ploughing land can be used for the purpose only for a period of morning (sun rise) till Noon
Once the ploughing is done, the bulls should be bathed immediately
Those bulls that are affected by the following should not be employed for ploughing
Hunger
Thirst
Handicapped
Diseased
Eunech (Neither cow nor bull)
Those bulls which are calfs and those bulls which are old by the virtue of losing its teeth should not be employed for ploughing.
Varthushvam (Primary Crime of Lending Money at higher Interest Rate -> Must to be avoided for a Bhramana)
Varthushvam -> Getting Money for a lower interest rate and lending it to others for a Higher interest rate
This should NEVER be done by a Bhramana under any circumstances.
Varthushvam is worst sin (Worser than Bhramahati Dosham)
Rules/Eligibility for People aged over fifty years
A Bhramana aged over fifty years should NEVER marry
A Bhramana aged over fifty years should also not eat nimanthranam
Samskaras for a Bhramana (Rules and Duties for a Bhramana)
For a Bhramana according to their sutras there can be 40 or more Samskarams prescribed to be followed.
Samskaram from Birth till Upanayanam is a MUST.
For those Samskarams above Upanayanam are not Mandatory.
Samskarams after Upanayanam if done with devotion yields greater grace of Emperuman.
The Mandatory should be related to the asrama sweekaram we adopt.
Since a Bhramachari can go directly to SanyasAshramam the Samskarams after Upanayanam are not Mandatory. The Mandatory is enforced by the AsramaSweekaram (If a Bramachari becomes Grihasta -> Marries and gets into family life, the samskaarams prescribed above Upanayanam becomes mandatory.
To be Continued
Courtesy:http://pramanams.blogspot.in/
Dharma Sastra Surrukam By Sri Vaidyanatha Dikshita - Part 1 (Varnashrama Dharma Kandam)
1. Preface:
The book on Dharma Sastras named Dharma Sastra Surrukkam by Sri.Vaidyanatha Dikshita is an authoritative work which is a must to have for all vaidhikas.
The lucid tamil translation of Dharma Sastras abiding Parasara Smrithi helps reference all of anushtanams in one place. This is a humble effort to translate this great book into English for the purpose of Vaidhika Generations who has lost touch with their roots. Any praise for this translation solely belongs to Sri.Vaidhyanadha Dikshita and the Publishers (Sri.Krishnamoorthy Sastri and K.Sundara Raman) and any mistakes are purely due to the limited knowledge of the Translator
- Adiyen Elayavilli Dasarathy Ponnappan
2. Contact of Publishers:
1. It is recommended to have a personal copy of this wonderful grantha which supports two purposes. Purpose 1) It gives the ultimate source of knowledge of Dharma Sastras in Tamil 2) Allowing these great Publishers to continue the noble task of Publishing great Vaidhika Books like this.
The book can be obtained at:
Dr.R.KrishnaMoorthy Sastrigal,
No 2, Sanskrit College Road,
Mylapore, Chennai - 600 004
Phone: (+91) 044 298 4698
Dharma Sastra Surukkam - Table of Contents (Vishaya Suchikai)
0. Varnashrama Dharma Kandam
Table of Contents:
2.
1. Varnashrama Dharma Kandam
2. Vedas and its divisions, Sutras
3. Varnam - Definition
4. Yugas - Definition
5. Dharmas Prohibited in Kali Yuga (Kaliyuga Nishidha Dharmas)
6. Rules and Criteria for Directions (Dhik Niyamam)
7. Rules for Bhramana (Bhramana Dharma)
8. Agnihotram (Definition, eligibility)
9. Rules for Learning/Reciting Vedas outside the prescribed Veda for a person (AnyaVedadhyana Niyamam)
10. Upakarmam
11. Anandhyayanam (Rules for days when not to recite / Learn Vedas)
12. Rules for a Bhramana to do cultivation (When a Bhramana can plough his own land)
13. Varthushvam (Primary Crime of Lending Money at higher Interest Rate -> Must to be avoided for a Bhramana)
14. Rules/Eligibility for People aged over fifty years
15. Forty Samskaras (The Prime Forty Samskaras for a Bhramana)
16. Rutu Kalam (Season for Union)
17. Pumsavanam (Rites to be done for a child in its mother's womb)
18. Samskaras around Seemandham (The baby Shower done for the first kid)
19. JaataKarmam
20. Naamakaranam (Naming a child)
21. Ear piercing (Kaadhu Kuttal)
22. Soorya Chandra Darsana Kaalam (Time to perform SuryaDarshan/Chandra Darshan for a baby)
23. Anna Praasnam (Introduction of Cooked Rice for the baby)
24. Choulam (Keeping Kudumi/Tuft) for a child
25. Smarta Karmas for Girl Child
26. Aksharaabhyaasam: (Introducing letters/Words to a child)
27. Rules/Restrictions for Boys before Upanayanam
28. Samskaras from Upanayanam onwards
29. People Eligible to make Yagnobhaveetham (Yagnobhaveetham = Poonul)
30. Method to make Yagnobhaveetham (Poonol/Sacred Thread)
31. Niyamam (Rules) for the Upanayana Period (Upanayana Kaala Niyamam)
32. Rules around giving Rice to a Bhramachari (Food given as Alms) (How to get bikshai during
33. Upanayana Kalam)
34. Kaalatheetha Prayachitam (Prayachita to be done for Karmas performed outside the prescribed time)
35. Time when Choula Karmas and like wise should not be performed (Choulam -> Keeping Kudumi/Tought)
36. People eligible to perform Upanayanam
37. Rules for performing Jatakarma for Twins (Twins -> Yamalodbhavas or Yamalodbhavargal)
38. Eligibility of Girls/ladies for Marriage (Vivahathirkuriya Kanya lakshanam)
39. Eligibility for a person to perform Kanyka Dhanam (Kartha - Person eligible for performing the Karma)
40. Activities to be performed during auspicious times (auspicious Times - SubhaKaalam)
41. Activities to be / not to be peformed during two Sobhanams (Sobhanam -> Time when an auspicious activity like Upanayanam, Vivaham etc is performed)
42. Rules around performing Vivaham for Foster sons (Foster Son -> Sweekara Putran)
43. Rules around Jestha Putra determination after Adoption:
44. Rules around performing Vivaham for sons from co wives (Co Wives - Sapathnee)
45. Aoupasamam and Sthaali Paakam - Rules around it
46. Rules around resumption of Aoupasanam if it has been interrupted
47. Activities to be performed during Aoupasanam and Loukika Agni
48. Rules around parting off with a Wife and re marriage
49. Rules around Vivaham (Marriage) of Brothers
50. Dharma (Rules) to be followed by a wife
51. Dharma (Rules) to be followed by a widow - Vidhava Dharmam
52. Rules as to when Abhivadhanam should Not be done with Namaskaaram
Vedas and its divisions, Sutras
Vedas are four. Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharvana
Rig Veda Sutras:
There are two sutras for Rig Veda. They are
Āśvalāyana Śrautasϋtra
Sāṅkhāyana Śrautasϋtra
Yajur Veda Sutras:
Krishna Yajur Veda Sutras:
Bhodayana Sutra
Apastamba Sutra
Bhaaradhwaja Sutra
Sathyashaada Sutra
Vaikanasa Sutra
Sukla Yajur Veda Sutras:
Kaadhyaayana Sutra
Saama Veda Sutras:
Traahyayana Sutra
Jaimineeya Sutra
Varnam - Definition
Varnas are of four kind viz, Bhrama, Kshatriya, Vysya, Shudra
Yugas - Definition
KrutaYuga, Treta Yuga, Dwapara Yuga and Kali Yuga
For Kali Yuga the prescribed Smrithi is Parasara Smrithi
Dharmas Prohibited in Kali Yuga (Kaliyuga Nishidha Dharmas)
If a Bhramana continues to bathe in well water for a continuous period of 12 years he loses his Bhramaneeyam and becomes a sudra
Giving Jeshtabagam is prohibited
Reducing the number of achouchams (Achoucham -> Cleansing after going for natural calls using Sand and water)
Living as a Bhramacharin (Bachelor) for a longer part of life
A Grihasta (Married person) going for distant lands for theertha yaatra
Sanyasis staying at houses in the evening
Bhramanas going to distant lands
Bhramanas travelling on Sea (Taking Sea Voyage)
Rules and Criteria for Directions (Dhik Niyamam)
For a Karma (Duty) of a direction is not prescribed, please use one of East, North or North East
For a Karma (Duty) if the posture / position (Standing or Sitting) is not specified, use sitting Posture
Rules for Bhramana (Bhramana Dharma)
There are six duties for a Bhramana
Reciting Vedas (Performing VedaAdhyayana)
Teaching Vedas (Teaching VedAdhyayana for others)
Performing prescribed Yagnyas for self
Performing prescribed Yagnyas for others
Donating Gifts (Giving Dhanam)
Accepting Gifts (Accepting Dhanam)
A Bhramana should not be accepting Gifts from a Sudra (Pratigraham is prohibited)
Agnihotram (Definition, eligibility)
If a Person's Father or His Eldest Brother hasn't practiced and performed Agnihotra the rest of the Brothers doesn't gain right to perform Agnihotram
In a family the eldest son is fit to perform Agnihotra
If the Eldest Son permits, then only the younger brothers can perform Agnihotram
Even if a father permits his sons, if the eldest son doesn't permit, rest of the sons cannot perform Agnihotram
Rules for Learning/Reciting Vedas outside the prescribed Veda for a person (AnyaVedadhyana Niyamam)
A person should first complete the Adhyayanam (Learning and reciting properly) of his prescribed Veda
Without completion he is not allowed to perform adhyayanam of other Vedam
Upon completion of Adhyayanam of the prescribed Veda, he is allowed to learn other Veda
Upakarmam
Upaakarma should NOT be performed on Grahana (Eclipse days) and Sangramana Days
For Yajur Vedis, Upakarma should be performed during the Parva which is udaya vyapi (Meaning of Udaya Vyapi - TBD)
For RigVedis, Upakarma should be performed during their Udaya Vyapi which is "Sravana Nakshatra"
For SamaVedis, Upakarma should be performed on Hasta Nakshatram.
After undergoing Upanayanam, a Bhramachari should not undergo shaving (Kshavaram) for 6 months
But when there is a need to perform Upakarma, the said Bramachari should undergo Kshavaram
If on a given occasion, both Srardham (Theertham) and Upaakarma comes to gether, then
Perform Upaakarma first followed by Srardham
If the person performing Srardham is a bhramachari, the said bhramachari should undergo Kshavaram before performing Upaakarma.
Anandhyayanam (Rules for days when not to recite / Learn Vedas)
Thitis:
Prathamai Thithi
Ashtami Thithi
Chaturdasi Thithi
Amavasya Thithi
Poornima (Pournami) Thithi
The previous Nights of all the above Thithis
Days
Days of Grahanam (Eclipse)
RutuSandhi
The Day a person consumes Nimanthranam
The Day a person performs pratigraham (Accepts Dhanam)
The Day Garauda Kodi is hoisted for a festival in temple (Kodi yetram)
The Day Garuda Kodi is brought down in a temple (Kodi yerakam)
If its a Grasthastama Grahana Day then following 3 days are prohibited
When Samaveda Dhwani is being heard, Yajur VedAdhyanam should not be performed
Mahanavami
Sravana Dwadesi
AkshayaTrithiyai
RataSaptami
MagaBharani
Manvadi Days
Yugadi Days
Rules for a Bhramana to do cultivation (When a Bhramana can plough his own land)
For a Bhramana, apathvruthi is Krishi -> This means, during pressing situations, a Bhramana can plough his own land
The bull selected for ploughing land can be used for the purpose only for a period of morning (sun rise) till Noon
Once the ploughing is done, the bulls should be bathed immediately
Those bulls that are affected by the following should not be employed for ploughing
Hunger
Thirst
Handicapped
Diseased
Eunech (Neither cow nor bull)
Those bulls which are calfs and those bulls which are old by the virtue of losing its teeth should not be employed for ploughing.
Varthushvam (Primary Crime of Lending Money at higher Interest Rate -> Must to be avoided for a Bhramana)
Varthushvam -> Getting Money for a lower interest rate and lending it to others for a Higher interest rate
This should NEVER be done by a Bhramana under any circumstances.
Varthushvam is worst sin (Worser than Bhramahati Dosham)
Rules/Eligibility for People aged over fifty years
A Bhramana aged over fifty years should NEVER marry
A Bhramana aged over fifty years should also not eat nimanthranam
Samskaras for a Bhramana (Rules and Duties for a Bhramana)
For a Bhramana according to their sutras there can be 40 or more Samskarams prescribed to be followed.
Samskaram from Birth till Upanayanam is a MUST.
For those Samskarams above Upanayanam are not Mandatory.
Samskarams after Upanayanam if done with devotion yields greater grace of Emperuman.
The Mandatory should be related to the asrama sweekaram we adopt.
Since a Bhramachari can go directly to SanyasAshramam the Samskarams after Upanayanam are not Mandatory. The Mandatory is enforced by the AsramaSweekaram (If a Bramachari becomes Grihasta -> Marries and gets into family life, the samskaarams prescribed above Upanayanam becomes mandatory.
To be Continued